Laboratory of Conditioned Reflexes and Physiology of Emotions

Main areas of research

Currently, in the development of the ideas of academician P.V. Simonov, the theme of the laboratory is “Neurobiological foundations of the individual behavior of animals and humans” (2005-2010).

In our studies with the use of various methods, patterns were found in the organization of individual behavior and the brain activity of animals and humans. Individual features are most pronounced in cases where there is necessarily a choice in which different in magnitude, quality, or probability of reinforcement are evaluated and compared. The choice of one of two reinforcements depends on the value of the chosen reinforcement, and the psychological assessment of the value of reinforcement decreases proportionally to the growth of the uncertainty of its achievement. It should be noted that one of the most common methods for assessing the individual-typological characteristics of animals is based on the above principles for evaluating reinforcement in conditions of freedom of choice (uncertainty). At the same time, such parameters for evaluating individual behavior as impulsivity, self-control, caution, risk appetite, anxiety, etc. come to the fore.

According to the hypothesis we developed, the nature and characteristics of the manifestation of adaptive behavior are determined by the brain's abilities to assess the rewarding properties of reinforcement in different ways. This concerns both the value of reinforcement and the effort expended to achieve it (cost / benefit). To test the hypothesis expressed, complex studies are being carried out in the laboratory, including experiments on animals and humans using behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical methods.

Impulsiveness - self-controllability. The key role of the network activity of neurons in the structures of the mesolimbic system of the brain in the organization of impulsive and self-controlled behavior in cats and rats has been determined. The modulation of the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems of the brain by the single and network activity of the neocortex cells with impulsive and self-controlled behavior is shown.

Caution-riskiness. It is shown that the choice between the probability and the value of reinforcement in a situation of environmental uncertainty is a way to investigate individual differences in behavior. The study of the frequency of selection of valuable reinforcements with a decrease in the probability of receiving it allowed classifying the dogs into “cautious”, “risky” and “moderately risky”.

When animals were placed in emotional-negative situations without developing conditioned reflexes, individually-typological behavioral characteristics were also detected, some animals adhered to an active, others passive behavioral strategies. The peculiarities of the interaction of neurons in the amygdala, hippocampus, parietal-temporal areas of the neocortex in active and passive rabbits were found. It has been established that brain lateralization at the level of these structures is associated with individually-typological features of animals and reflects readiness for certain forms of response to emotionally significant stimuli in active and passive rabbits.

The frequency-amplitude characteristics of the EEG and the individual-typological characteristics of a person were studied. It is shown that persons who have found high rates of empathy have a higher ability to recognize emotions in the voice and have a less activated electroencephalogram than people with low levels of empathy.

The results obtained are of fundamental importance and can be used as a method for diagnosing the individual characteristics of behavior in animals and humans. The study of the neurophysiological bases of typological differences is of undoubted interest for science-based pedagogy, vocational guidance and psycho-neurological clinics, as well as in the development of learning and memory models.

Список сотрудников

Publication list

Papers

Grigoryan G.A. The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. Front. Behav. Neurosci. Sec. Learning and Memory. 2023. V. 17. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575
Rebik A.A., Broshevitskaya N., Kuzhuget S., Aleksandrov P., Abbasova K., Zaichenko M.I., Midzyanovskaya I.S. Audiogenic Seizures and Social Deficits: No Aggravation Found in Krushinsky–Molodkina Rats. Biomedicines. 2023. N. 11. P. 2566. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092566
Grigoryan G.A. Ovariectomy as a model of anxiety and depressive disorders. Neurochemistry. 2022. V. 39. N. 1. P. 3-16. DOI: 10.31857/S102781332201006X
Grigoryan G.A. Neuroinflammation and reconsolidation of memory. Neurochemistry. 2022. V. 39. N. 2. P. 99-112. DOI: 10.31857/S1027813322020078
Grigoryan G.A. Ovariectomy as a model of anxiety-depressive disorders. The Neurochemical Journal. 2022. V. 19. N. 1. P. 1-16. DOI: 10.1134/S1819712422010068
Grigoryan G.A. Neuroinflammation and memory reconsolidation. The Neurochemical Journal. 2022. V. 16. N. 2. P. 109-120. DOI: 10.1134/S1819712422020076
Grigoryan G.A., Pavlova I.V., Zaichenko M.I. Effects of social isolation on the development of anxiety and depression-like behavior in model experiments in animals. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2022. V. 52. N. 5. P. 722-738. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01297-1
Smirnova G.R., Medvedeva T.M., Pavlova I.V., Vinogradova L.V. Region-Specific Vulnerability of the Amygdala to Injury-Induced Spreading Depolarization. Biomedicines. 2022. V. 10. N. 9. P. 2183. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092183
Broshevitskaya N.D., Pavlova I.V., Zaichenko M.I., Gruzdeva V.A., Grigoryan G.A. Effects of Early Proinflammatory Stress on Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior in Rats of Different Ages. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2021. V. 51. N. 3. P. 390-401. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-021-01083-5
Gruzdeva V.A., Sharkova A.V., Zaichenko M.I., Grigoryan G.A. The influence of early proinflammatory stress on manifestations of impulsive behavior in rats of different age and sex. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2021. V. 71. N. 1. P. 114-125. DOI: 10.31857/S0044467721010056
Zaichenko M.I., Zakirov Ph.Kh., Markevich V.A., Grigoryan G.A. MK-801 Impairs Reconsolidation of a “New” Memory and Affects the “Old” Memory in Operant Feeding-Related Behavior in an Eight-Arm Radial Maze in Rats. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2021. V. 51. N. 6. P. 739-747. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-021-01130-1
Pavlova I.V., Broshevitskaya N.D., Zaichenko M.I., Grigoryan G.A. The influence of food ration during pregnancy on the behavior of the offspring after early lipopolysaccharide stress. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2020. V. 70. N. 6. P. 807-824. DOI: 10.31857/S0044467720060088
Pavlova I.V., Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K., Grigoryan G.A. Conditioned Reflex Reactions in High-Impulsivity Rats Are Weaker than Those in Low-Impulsivity Animals. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2020. V. 50. N. 5. P. 567-574. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-020-00937-8
Vinogradova L.V., Rysakova M.P., Pavlova I.V. Small damage of brain parenchyma reliably triggers spreading depolarization. Neurological Research. 2020. V. 42. N. 1. P. 76-82. DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1709745
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K., Grigoryan G.A. Ability to Discriminate Visual Signals in the Morris Water Maze in High- and Low-Impulsivity Rats. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2020. V. 50. N. 9. P. 1155-1162. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-020-01018-6
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.Kh., Grigoryan G.A. Abilities to discriminate the visible signals in morris water maze in high-and low impulsive rats. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2020. V. 70. N. 2. P. 231-242. DOI: 10.31857/s0044467720020136
Zaichenko M.I., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.K. Escape and Avoidance Reactions to Painful Electrocutaneous Stimulation of the Self and Another in Rats with High and Low Levels of Impulsivity. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2019. V. 49. N. 8. P. 1008-1015. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-019-00830-z
Dobryakova Y.V., Kasianov A., Zaichenko M.I., Stepanichev M.Y., Chesnokova E.A., Kolosov P.M., Markevich V.A., Bolshakov A.P. Intracerebroventricular administration of <sup>192</sup>IgG-saporin alters expression of microglia-associated genes in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2018. V. 10. P. 429. DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00429
Zaichenko M.I., Grigoryan G.A., Markevich V.A. Influence of MK-801 on reconsolidation of spatial memory in 8-arm radial maze depends on conditions of its reactivation. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2018. V. 68. N. 2. P. 216-226. DOI: 10.7868/S0044467718020077
Zaichenko M.I., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.Kh. Escape and avoidance reactions on its own and other's painful electrocutaneous stimulation in rats with a high and low degrees of impulsivity. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2018. V. 68. N. 4. P. 477-487. DOI: 10.1134/S0044467718040159
Zaichenko M.I., Sharkova A.V., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.K. Memory in an Eight-Channel Radial Maze is Better in High-Impulsivity Rats Than Low-Impulsivity Animals. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2018. V. 48. N. 1. P. 109-117. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-017-0538-4
Bal N.V., Rysakova M.P., Vinarskaya A.K., Ivanova V.O., Zuzina A.B., Balaban P.M. Cued memory reconsolidation in rats requires nitric oxide. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2017. V. 45. N. 5. P. 643-647. DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13503
Grigoryan G.A., Gulyaeva N.V. Modeling Depression in Animals: Behavior as the Basis for the Methodology, Assessment Criteria, and Classification. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2017. V. 47. N. 2. P. 204-216. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-016-0386-7
Zaichenko M.I., Bazhenova D.A., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.K. Does Impulsivity Influence the Operation of Long-Term and Working Memory in Rats?. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2017. V. 47. N. 4. P. 427-434. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-017-0416-0
Zaichenko M.I., Markevich V.A., Grigoryan G.A. Propranolol degrades memory reconsolidation in conditions of single and multiple combinations of tones with pain. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2017. V. 47. N. 6. P. 722-727. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-017-0460-9
Zaichenko M.I., Markevich V.A., Grigoryan G.A. Propranolol impairs memory reconsolidation at single and multiple paired with tone painful electrocutaneous stimulations. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2016. V. 66. N. 2. P. 220-228. DOI: 10.7868/S0044467716020088
Zaichenko M.I., Bazhenova D.A., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.Kh. Does impulsivity affect a long-term and working memory in rats?. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2016. V. 66. N. 1. P. 82-91. DOI: 10.7868/S0044467716010159
Zaichenko M.I., Sharkova A.V., Grigoryan G.A., Merzhanova G.Kh. Impulsive choice improves the cue memory at an 8-arms radial maze learning in rats. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova. 2016. V. 66. N. 5. P. 600-610. DOI: 10.7868/S0044467716050129
Grigoryan G.A., Gulyaeva N.V. Simulation of animal depression: behavior as basis for methodology, estimation crtiteria and classification. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2015. V. 55. N. 6. P. 643-660.
Grigoryan G.A., Markevich V.A. Consolidation, reactivation and reconsolidation of memory. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im. I.P. Pavlova. 2014. V. 64. N. 1. P. 123-136. DOI: 10.7868/S0044467714020087
Ierusalimsky V.N., Kuleshova E.P., Balaban P.M. Expression of the type 1 metalloproteinase in the rat hippocampus after the intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid peptide (25-35). Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars). 2013. V. 73. N. 4. P. 571-578.
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K., Vanetsian G.L. Effect of the selective ligands 5-HT(1A) receptors administration on the impulsive and self-control behavior in rats. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2012. V. 62. N. 4. P. 465-474.
Rysakova M.P., Pavlova I.V. Effects of intra-amygdala injection of GABA(A)-receptor agonist and antagonist on behavior of active and passive rabbits in negative emotional situations. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2012. V. 62. N. 3. P. 332-345.
Sidorina V.V., Merzhanova G.K., Kuleshova E.P., Zaleshin A.V. Cooperative activity of neurons in the visual, frontal, sensorimotor areas of the cortex and dorsal striatum during the implementation of a behavioral program in the context of choosing a strategy. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2012. V. 62. N. 2. P. 1-12.
Zaichenko M.I., Vanetsian G.L., Merzhanova G.K. Differences in behavior of impulsive and self-controlled rats in the open-field and light-dark tests. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2011. V. 61. N. 2. P. 340-350.
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K. Effects of blockade of dopaminergic D1/D2 receptors on behavior of impulsive and self-controlled rats. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2011. V. 61. N. 5. P. 615-623.
Merzhanova G.K., Zaleshin A.V., Ashkinazi M.L., Shergin I.N. Individual typological differences in human behavior under conditions of reward choice assoicated with risk. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2011. V. 61. N. 3. P. 281-292.
Pavlova I.V., Rysakova M.P. Network activity of "interneurons" and large cells of amygdala in active and passive rabbits. Rossijskij Fizioligicheskij Zhurnal im I M Sechenova. 2011. V. 97. N. 12. P. 1297-1308.
Rysakova M.P., Pavlova I.V. Influence of anxiolytic afobazole on amygdalar neuronal activity and behavior of rabbits in emotionally negative situations. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2011. V. 61. N. 3. P. 351-364.
Rysakova M.P., Pavlova I.V. Interaction of amygdalar neurons of active and passive rabbits in negative emotional situations. Zhurnal Vysshei Nevnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2011. V. 61. N. 2. P. 190-203.
Sidorina V.V., Kuleshova E.P., Merzhanova G.K. Ensemble activity of cells of the visual and frontal areas of the bark of cats in the context of the choice of food reinforcement of different values. Rossijskij Fiziologicheskij Zhurnal im I M Sechenova. 2011. V. 97. N. 2. P. 119-130.
Tukhbatova G.R., Kuleshova E.P., Stepanichev M.Y., Ivanov A.D., Salozhin S.V. Optimization of a preparation of lentiviral particles for transduction of neurons in vivo. Neurochemical Journal. 2011. V. 5. N. 4. P. 294-300. DOI: 10.1134/S1819712411040179
Averkin R.G., Korshunov V.A., Schegolevsky N.V., Matz V.N., Markevich V.A., Grigoryan G.A., Bazyan A.S. The study of the intercellular concentration of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum of mice by microdialysis with intraperitoneal administration of MPTP. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 1. P. 109-119.
Averkin R.G., Korshunov V.A., Shegolevsky N.V., Mats V.N., Markevich V.A., Grigoryan G.A., Bazyan A.S. Study of extracellular concentration of dopamine and its metabolites in mice striatum by a microdialysis technique at intraperitoneal administration of MPTP. Zhurnal Vyssnei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 1. P. 109-119.
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K. Study of impulsivity in rats under conditions of choice between food reinforcements of different values. Zhurnal Vyssnei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 1. P. 56-64.
Zaichenko M.I., Merzhanova G.K., Demina A.V. Investigation of behavior of "impulsive" and "self-controlled" animals by the method of "emotional resonance". Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 2. P. 192-200.
Kuleshova E.P., Zaleshin A.V., Sidorina V.V., Merzhanova G.K. Effects of blokade of the dopaminergic D1/D2 receptors on the single and network neuronal activity in the frontal and visual cortices and behavior of cats. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 3. P. 309-320.
Pavlova I.V., Rysakova M.P., Zablischeva E.A. Interhemisphere asymmetry of hippocampus and neocortex in correlates of active and passive behavioural strategy in negative emotional situations. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 96. N. 12. P. 1156-1169.
Sarkisova K.Y., Novikova M.R., Zaichenko M.I., Paramokhin M.L., Gadalin Y.S., Gulyaeva N.V. Remote control of the goal-directed behavior of freely moving rats by telestimulation of the rewarding brain structures. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 2. P. 236-246.
Chilingaryan N.I., Preobrazhenskaya L.A., Merzhanova G.K. Individual prognostic behavioral features in dogs during the choice between probability and value of reinforcement. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti im I P Pavlova. 2010. V. 60. N. 4. P. 438-445.